Age assurance is applied equally to everyone, so the technology itself has no disproportionate effect on any particular group.
The question of what content or functionality is age-restricted is for democratically elected politicians, but one note of caution is the risk of platforms over-interpreting laws, or being excessively cautious and putting more content behind age checks than the laws actually require.
For example, in the UK, the Online Safety Act only requires that “Primary Priority Content” is always protected by highly effective age assurance – that is only pornography, and information on how to kill, harm or starve yourself – it does not extend to current affairs, or information on gender, sexuality, or current affairs. Indeed, Section 22 of the Act creates a duty on all platforms to protect freedom of expression, so excessive blocking of content may itself be non-compliant.