No. Neither is the default, and no well-designed regulation mandates a single method. Users should always be offered a choice, which typically includes facial age estimation, identity documents, open banking, a mobile operator check, a credit reference check, a reusable digital identity app or inference from the transactions for which email addresses or mobile numbers have been used. Facial age estimation is optional and momentary, and document routes are one option among several. If one route does not work for you or you are not comfortable with it, another should be available. The claim that age assurance always means uploading a passport to the platform you wish to access does not describe the privacy preserving systems offered by third-party age verification providers.